Barbie was originally a kids ‘s plaything, peculiarly for misss and male childs of 3 – 13 old ages, and now besides it is the most collectible object of adults.A It was foremost released in 1959, in the U.S. Wisconsin.A Her “ ma ” is Ruth Handler. Barbie ‘s full name is Barbara Millicent Roberts.

For the first clip Barbie has appeared on kids ‘s merchandises trade carnival in New York ( 1959 ) .A Ruth Handler developed its amanuensiss company A«MattelA» ; considered that the paradigm of the celebrated doll became Build Lilly, the heroine of titillating cartoon strips that were published in the newspaper A«Bild ZeitungA» ( Germany ) : “ … [ Lilly ] , with a perfect figure, regular characteristics andA bright make-up, epitomized the typical image of the vamp.A Lilly doll picturing “ manikin ” is reminiscent of earlier theoretical accounts Barbie.A ” Predecessors ” called it popular in the 40 ‘s and 50 old ages, A paper dolls with a batch of apparels – harmonizing to Handler, in childhood, her girl Barbara ( in whose award was named the Barbie ) is frequently “ played with dolls with her friends, they were paper dolls – ” grownup “ and the misss presented themselves in the grownup lifeA ” the miss, so concern adult females, the female parents ( … ) decidedly feel the demand for dolls… that would present the immature lady to many things so attractive for them in the grownup universe. ”

The first Barbie was deserving merely $ 3.00 and she was dressed in black and white striped bathing suit ( frock for the doll should be purchased individually ) , it has been tightened in the “ pony tail ” blond hair and black eyes.A First, consumers reacted warily to the new merchandise – at the clip the doll looked reasonably noncompliant, but shortly it became improbably popular among schoolgirls.A In selling a host of assorted costumes and accoutrements for Barbie, in 1961 it “ has acquired a ” fellow ( Ken ) , two old ages subsequently – the friend of Midge ( Midge ) and small sister Skipper ( Skipper ) .A Appearance of varies of dolls – when the first Barbie in 1959 looked rather mature adult female, by the terminal of the 60 ‘s it becomes a pretty miss, a adolescent and puts on “ hippy ” outfits, as stated in Barbie ‘s beginning.A Appear more and more relations and friends – her cousin Francie, sister Tutti, a friend of Christie ( black ) , an Englishwoman Stacy.A In the 60 old ages of Barbie, she acquires “ dream place ” in the 70 – a car.A Then appears Barbie-singer ( 1961 ) , Barbie-nurse ( 1961 ) , Barbie air hostess ( 1966 ) , Astronaut Barbie ( 1965 – 20 old ages before the infinite flight of the first female American! ) , Barbie – a presidential campaigner ( 1991 ) A … In 1980 the company “ Mattel ” was represented by a series of collectable “ dolls of the universe ” – it included more than 20 Barbie in the national costumes of assorted states, as described in The history of Barbie dolls. Besides there were sold the dolls – twins famous persons: Marilyn Monroe, Audrey Hepburn, Twiggy, Whitney Houston, Television presenter Rosie O’Donnell.

Waist of the Barbie markedly increased, compared with the first versions of the dolls.

Growth of Barbie is 29 centimeter, its proportion in relation to “ our ” , the existent universe – 1:6.A Experts estimate that if Barbie was a adult male, so with an addition of about 170 centimeter, her weight would be somewhat less than 50 kilogram, the volume of the chest – 99 centimeter, waist – 45 centimeter, hips – 84 centimeter, frequently the Godheads were accused of Barbie because of anA unnatural beauty that for many has become the criterion, lending to the spread of such upsets as anorexia and binge-eating syndrome – Barbie fans, in order to go like his graven image, sit on famishment diets, spend money on plastic surgery.A American Cindy Jackson has made 29 fictile surgeries to go the “ same ” as Barbie – as a consequence, of her “ ain ” a adult female has left merely the lower lip.A Heeding the voice of outraged populace ( politician Jeff Eldridge by and large proposed to censor sale of Barbie in the stores ) , the company “ Mattel ” in 2000 changed the proportions of several marionettes – in peculiar, it reduced the flop.

Today, Barbie merchandises are really broad and diverse ; there are many theoretical accounts of the celebrated doll and her household and friends, a great figure of assorted accoutrements that are sold and besides there are computing machine games on Barbie.A Harmonizing to the official version, the “ mother-creator of ” Barbie is an American Ruth Handler, who in the late 50 ‘s decided to give her girl something of such things, plaything, which ne’er saw the visible radiation and felicity to come up with a similitude of her – a little plastic doll “ a adult female. ” However, it was non all that easy.A Puppet Professor MG Lord wrote: “ The direct predecessor of Barbie doll was Lilly, a plaything for grownup work forces, which had its beginning from the post-war amusing book character in the Bild Zeitung – low-grade German newspaper… In cartoon strips Lilly was non merely a doll, she wasA German doll: blindingly white hair, regular characteristics – the ideal of the Aryan race! ” . Lilly of the Bild Zeitung foremost appeared on July 24, 1952.

Comic strips about sexy Aryan were so popular that shortly their heroine with a light manus interior decorator plaything reincarnated into a small doll with a savory shapely legs.A And this doll in no manner was intended for children.A It was sold non in the plaything shops, but in baccy shops.A In the words of the Lord, the plaything “ was a imitation, amusing gift for work forces. ” Ruth Handler foremost saw Lilly in Switzerland, where she spent the holidays.A ” We were walking down the street, glanced into the store, and at that place in my face was an astonishing doll with face and organic structure of adult female ” – reverentially remembers the chief concern is the minute of his life Ruth.A Toy-woman impressed Handler so much, that she bought merely three Lilly: two for her girl Barbra, and surely one for herself…

Back in the U.S. , Ruth decided to give newfound graven image all her life – viz. , to accommodate a purchase for the U.S. market.A But, as ever, the first efforts were a bead in the ocean because of consumer indifference.A And that, in general, is apprehensible – after all, the plastic miss was meant for wholly different class of buyers.A Fuel to the fire was added by the interior decorator, Jack Ryan, whom Ruth Handler asked for help.A The consequence is a really good remaking – Americanized Lilley, under the new, now celebrated worldwide name, which debuted at the Toy Fair in New York in the winter of 1959.A True, there it was carefully advertised as “ the lone anatomically perfect doll that is made today. ”

Children ab initio perceived Barbie with wary.A Men-critics instantly started speaking about it as “ a predatory adult female, ” “ airheaded miss. “ A And asserted that “ female parents ne’er will purchase it for their kids the dolls with chests ” , as Barbie was “ excessively sexy ” to sell it freely… A In general, it mounted to the doll ‘s ain unfulfilled fantasies.A It is clear that after such “ dithyrambs ” even for three dollars ( a pathetic monetary value for the Americas ) people did non desire to purchase Barbie.A

Of class, Ruth Handler hurried! A Very shortly, the male parents and female parents appreciated the appeal of a new plaything, because it was possible to play for them too.A It was a existent victory for Ms. Handler.A It was non long, and the Americans “ on fire ” , “ tried and accustomed ” to Barbie.A Toy has become non merely a hit, but the phenomenon on the market.A America, followed by the remainder of the universe had a fever.A Already some five old ages after the launch gross revenues of playthings counted in the millions.A Like mushrooms after the rain grew Barbie fan nines, non merely in the U.S. and Europe, but even in Muslim states, where the badness of manners was such that the doll was imported at that place smuggling.

And, of class, many have realized that Barbie can be a good thought to gain excess money: and many started working in the perspiration of their forehead for doll vesture makers, providing for the Barbie so brilliant and varied closet, which cuts into the memory of a miss, even with a complete deficiency of imagination.A Toy was blonde and smart ; the outfits were cheap, merely the first clip while she was in the publicity, as gross revenues exceeded “ normal rate of sale, marrying frock plastic was deserving $ 35.A And off we go: place, furniture, dishes, auto, motorcycle, friends and even the Equus caballuss… A Complete aggregation of Barbie costs now more than 1000 dollars.

Shortly before Christmas 1964, when Barbie was advertised as the best gift for misss, the American Newspaper Saturday Evening Post dubbed it “ extremely mercantile particular. “ A ” Anyone who tries to happen some more significant value in a Barbie universe, seeking for them is non at that place ” – the newspaper wrote. – “ With his passion to possess, with its worship of the external glister of Barbie, this America in illumination is a thin lampoon of our eternalA chase of stuff and fiddling. ”

Yes, America and Barbie can truly set an equal sign.A A little graven image of American dad civilization in 1976 was sealed in a particular “ clip capsule ” , which should be revealed merely through two centuries.A It was the ideal of the plastic.A This plaything has gained eternity.A Barbie surrounded herself with the heroes of the partner.A In her house you can play with serious play of life – love, felicity, decease…

“ Ma ” of Barbie in the mid-40 ‘s discovered a company for fabrication of wooden frames for paintings.A As a hubby Ruth Elliot thought: why throw the leftovers of wood, if they can gain? A She was so affectionate of watching her girl Barbara playing with her dolls and arranges them in matchboxes and dice tabular arraies and beds! A Dwarf cabinets and beds have been more marketable trade good than the frame.

A A In 1956 Ruth Handler went to rest in Switzerland.A There she foremost saw the unusual doll, which everyone called Lilly.A She looked reasonably coarse: bleached blonde with blunt signifiers and non less than blunt wardrobe.A But merely looking at her, Ruth pondered over the fact that kids likely were tired of playing merely in the “ Mothers and Daughters ” .A Ruth decided to do a doll for them, which would be their dream come true in their grownup life.A Then Ruth bought the right of first publications to Lilly and uploaded by the best technicians, creative persons and applied scientists, the company of her hubby Mattel, so they transformed the Lilley in the positive in all respects beauty.A Making a Barbie, Ruth had a sociological study.A She invited 100 female parents and 100 misss of different ages, so that they looked at the freshness and expressed their views.A Almost all female parents were against it: “ Barbie seems excessively realistic, so to play with this doll is harmful to the mind of kids. “ A But all the misss in one voice declared that they want to have such a doll! A And Ruth decided to listen to kids: “ Lips of infant speak the truth. ”

At this clip in Hollywood roared the name of sex bomb Jayne Mansfield.A Barbie was originally this manner – a busty, blond, overturned eyebrow-strings, bright ruddy full lips.A The first apparels for Barbie were ordered from celebrated interior decorators Givenchy and Dior.A In 1958 Mrs. Handler officially patented her invention.A The doll was non like any of those who have of all time been created in the New World.A The doll was named in award of the discoverer ‘s girl Barbara.A Thus was born the Barbie doll.

In 1959, during New York ‘s one-year carnival of plaything, Mattel foremost showed the universe his new creative activity – the tall-growing doll with a well-developed signifiers, make-up, bright nail varnish and pearl earrings.A On Beauty was an elegant striped swimwear, emphasizing her thorax, and unfastened sandals on high heels.A New plaything was offered in two versions: a blonde and a brunette.

A A A A Wholesale purchasers were non interested in the doll.A They were confident that American parents would ne’er purchase their babies such a doll.A Then Ruth decided to turn over out a plaything with a TV.A And advertisement acted: States the range of this started the Barbie mania.A The first batch of bosomy misss ( 351 each ) valued at $ 3, and were sold out instantly.A From that minute began the March of large chests, leggy beauties with wasp waist around the universe.

A A A A Ruth decided non to be restricted to one Barbie.A Now four beautiful sisters, a brother and two cousins and girlfriends, and the same animate beings were created.A The larger household – the more money there comes.A After all, for each new theoretical account was offered a new closet and a set of new auto, desirable alteration furniture in the house and much more ( it all depends on what American adult females are populating in the minute ) .A For illustration, when Jane Fonda came up with aerobic exercises and enthusiasm swept the state, Mattel released a cassette with the appropriate exercisings for Barbie.

First the friend of the Barbie was a fine-looking cat with muscle.A Ruth invented Ken likely at the behest of the maternal inherent aptitude: she wanted make him for centuries, besides utilizing the name of her boy Kenneth.A And subsequently, a divorced female parent of two kids, Barbara Handler Segal said in an interview with the Los Angeles Times: “ I ‘m tired of being Barbie doll. ”

After much argument sing the manner Barbie looked, it was decided to set on Ken lasting trunkss with natural bumps where necessary.A But as a consequence of a liner in a factory-producer, Ken was born castrated.A During the first 10 old ages, thanks to Barbie, in the pockets of the partners of animal trainers settled $ 500 million.A In 1993, Barbie has brought the household $ 1 billion, and in 1994 – over two billion.A Harmonizing to experts, the doll is a list of 20 most popular goods in the world.A Today, per capita American miss ‘s population has more than a twelve Barbie dolls every bit much – in Italy and France – to seven, and in England – about 5 dolls.A There are sold yearly around 20 million Barbie dolls, and aggregators pay for the first Barbie in 1959, which cost in those yearss two and a half dollar, up to 2 thousand dollars.A In Hawaii there is a museum of Barbie.A In England, a suburban town for Manchester, there is built whole street houses a La Barbie. Here it is, the American dream in a authoritative design: start with wooden frames and complete worldwide celebrity and million histories in Bankss around the universe.

All in all, Barbie doll has become for several coevalss, non merely a plaything, and the image-symbol, whose value depends on the person ‘s attitude toward this doll.A For some people it is the incarnation of gender without love and uncontrollable desire for ingestion ( after all, for it there were produced 1000s of different accoutrements and gorgeous apparels! ) . While for others it is the prototype of beauty and love of life, this doll encourages person ‘s creativityA and person does non desire it, and likely will be right those who say: but if this full doll is haunted by about half a century, so, something particular it has. “ History of the Barbie doll continues, and although it appearedA – and continues to emerge – it is still a strong rival in the planetary market of playthings for misss, as it is improbable for the other doll to be able to reiterate its phenomenal rise to universe celebrity.